Epidemiology and clinical research on group a streptococcus: a public health perspective
Group A Streptococcus (GAS), also known as Streptococcus pyogenes, is a significant human pathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild superficial infections such as pharyngitis and impetigo to severe invasive diseases like necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. GAS infections also contribute to post-infectious sequelae, including rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, which pose substantial public health challenges, particularly in developing regions.
This study explores the epidemiological trends and clinical characteristics of GAS infections, focusing on transmission dynamics, risk factors, and global disease burden. Key findings from surveillance data and clinical research are analyzed to highlight the disproportionate impact of GAS infections in resource-limited settings, where poor hygiene, overcrowding, and limited access to healthcare exacerbate disease outcomes.
Advances in molecular epidemiology have provided insights into the genetic diversity and virulence factors of GAS, enabling the identification of high-risk strains and the development of targeted interventions. The study also reviews antimicrobial resistance trends, emphasizing the growing need for judicious antibiotic use to prevent treatment failures.
Prevention strategies, including vaccination development, public health education, and improved diagnostic tools, are critical to reducing GAS-associated morbidity and mortality. This review underscores the importance of a One Health approach in addressing GAS infections, integrating human, animal, and environmental health perspectives to mitigate disease risks. Future clinical research must focus on vaccine efficacy, novel therapeutics, and strengthening surveillance systems to achieve sustainable control of GAS infections globally.